BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS “AgroBioStim” CORRESPOND TO NORMS OF BIOLOGICAL (ORGANIC) AGRICULTURE.
Natural stimulators, Ecofertilizers, Microfertilizers and Organic fertilizers of the trade mark “AgroBioStim” completely correspond to the European requirements and norms, the specified in Regulations ЕЕС № 2092/91; EC № 2384/94 for biological (organic) manufacture of vegetative production and cultivation of ecologically pure foodstuff.
For manufacture of biological products “AgroBioStim” principles of biological manufacture, components and products specified in the Appendix № 1 and № 2 Regulations ЕСС/2092/91 are used and completely correspond to Commission ES/1073/2000 Rules.
BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS «AgroBioStim»
STRENGTHEN IMMUNE SYSTEM OF PLANTS AND POSSESS POWERFUL
BIO-FUNGICIDAL AND BACTERICIDAL PROPERTIES!
Product of "AgroBioStim" Ltd
BULGARIA
The basic types of mushrooms of class Basidiomycetes.
1 – Tilleria tritici;
2 – Tubur cina cepulae;
3 – Tomentella;
4 – Tulostoma;
5 – Ustilago zeae;
6 – Ustilago nuda;
7 – Uromyces pisi;
8 – Tremella.Fruit bodies of mushroom Erisiphaceae.
1 – stem Sphaerotheca;
2 – stem Erysiphe;
3 – stem Micosphaera;
4 – stem Podosphaera;
5 – stem Uncinula;
6 – stem Phyllactinia.FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS.
In the present section those fungous diseases of plants from which protect biological products «AgroBioStim» are specified only.
Fungous diseases. Fungous diseases set, and many widespread, for example, mealy dew and rust, rotting of stalks and roots, a grey mould and a mottled leaf. Disease is transferred from one plant to another by microscopic disputes which develop on a plant surface, sometimes getting inside through cuts and cracks, amazes a stalk, leaves, shoots of the plant infected with a fungus. Some fungous diseases are dangerous to a wide spectrum of plants, others amaze only one or few kinds.
Fungous diseases of plants very big trouble. These diseases are difficultly diagnosed and are very infectious, and struggle means are effective only for few kinds of mushrooms. The best exit for struggle against fungous diseases is prophylaxis. Fungi amaze first of all the weakened plants, and development and disease distribution are influenced by planting density, a heat and humidity.
SMUT. It is known about 1000 kinds of the smut fungi united in 40 childbirth. Smut fungi amaze the majority of organs of the plants, including vegetative and flower buds, leaves and stalks, petals of a corolla and sepals, stamens and pistils, fruits and seeds. Less often they amaze roots. The amazed parts of plants look as charred or covered with soot. It is caused by mushrooms from class Basidiomycetes, subclass Teliomycetidae), order Ustilaginales. Disease amazes all small crops and wild-growing cereal grasses. Depending on destruction of those or other organs, and also from signs of display of disease distinguish on some types of a smut: dusty, firm, bubbly, stem, dwarfish.
On character of display of disease on an ear distinguish two types of a smut – firm and a loose smut. At a covered smut grain collapses only, and the hull of grain remains. At a loose smut all parts of an ear collapse almost, and disputes are easily carried by a wind.
Foliar top dressings of cultures biological products «AgroBioStim» protect crops from infection of smuts. Field tests of biological products «AgroBioStim» prove efficiency of biological products, for example, the crops of wheat processed specialized «OM FERTILIZER FOR GRAIN CROPS» have not caught powder-like smut, and other part of crops has been amazed by a smut though experiences were spent on one field (see Field tests).
RUST. The rust of small crops is caused by mushrooms from class Basidiomycetes, order Uredinales. The Rust fungi amazing small crops, concern stem Puccinia, have the difficult evolutionary cycle including 3 stages (vernal, summer and winter). The basic type of defeat is formation of pustules on the amazed tissues. Rust fungi on small crops, as well as on other cultures, obligatory, highly specialized parasites. They have adapted to amaze certain kinds and breeds of cultivated plants, putting to them essential harm. The rust sharply reduces productivity, winter hardiness, drought resistance of plants. Amazing vegetative organs, the rust reduces grain swelling, it becomes puny, superficial. Almost annually from rust about 25-30% of a crop are lost.
Our supervision have shown, that a spring cultivation of crops of wheat biological products «AgroBioStim» not only have increased productivity, but also protect crops from a rust though the next field of wheat on 70% has been amazed by a rust (see Field tests).
THE ROOT DECAYED. Root decayed is among outwardly hardly noticeable, but rather harmful diseases of plants. Causal organisms root decayed are the widespread kinds of mushrooms living on covers and in seeds, in soil and on the rests of died off plants. They amaze many kinds of plants from the diversified families, easily transfer various climatic and soil conditions. Root decayed are caused by semiparasitic mushrooms of childbirth: Drechslera, Fusarium, Ophi-obolus, Cercosporella and others leading to rotting, to destruction of root and radical parts of plants or to defeat of vascular system therefore are observed oppression of plants, drying up of leaves, and also destruction of productive stalks.
The root decayed because a considerable damage to agriculture. Wrong crop rotations, the low agrotechnics lead to deterioration of structure of soil, to fertility exhaustion, create adverse conditions for development of plants; promote accumulation in soil of pathogenic mushrooms. On occasion the root decayed happen the reason of mass destruction of crops.
Long-term tests of Natural stimulators «AgroBioStim» prove that the seeds processed by biological products «AgroBioStim» completely protect young plants from root decayed (Field tests see).
SNOW MOULD. Causal organisms – mushrooms of stem Fusarium, more often F. nivale Ces. (Class Deuteromycetes, order Hyphomycetales). After snow tails on plants of a winter wheat and a rye it is possible to notice gentle grayish-whitish web a mushroom bloom. The amazed leaves die off, turn brown, get orange colouring. Strongly amazed plants perish.
FUSARIAL WILT. The causal organism – Qibberella zeae Fetch, class Ascomycetes. It is amazed basically grain crops. Disease is shown on an ear and grain in swelling. On the amazed organs there is a pink bloom. Defeat is often accompanied by ear decolouration. Later on a place of a bright bloom black point – fruit body’s ascomycetes stages are formed. From scales the causal organism mycelium gets into grain. Sometimes it concentrates in a hull of grain, and at early and strong infection gets into inside grains where destroys starch, paternal grain turns out puny. The mycelium gets and into a grain germ, lowering its germination. The amazed grain sometimes has a pink shade.
Parasitizing on a plant, especially on grain, the mycelium secretes the toxins poisoning the person and animals.
SEPTOPIOSIS. Causal organisms – mushrooms from stem Septoria (S. nodorum, S. graminum, S. tritici, S. hordei, S. secalis and others). Disease infects all elevated parts of plants. On all organs dark-brown stains are formed. At strong display of disease organs of plants become dark-brown, almost black. On leaves originally stains small, dark-brown, then the tissue near them turns yellow, stains increase and dry up, and leaves die off. Sick plants usually lag behind in growth and development.
MEALY DEW.
Mealy dew. The causal organism – mushroom Erysiphe grammis DC, class Ascomycetes.
Mealy dew very dangerous disease with which all kinds of plants are amazed. Leaves and axils on which there is a bloom are amazed basically; at strong development of mealy dew stalks, spicate scales and an awn can be amazed also. The blooms in the beginning white, then grow grey, and later turn brown. Disputes of mealy dew are easily transferred by a wind or water splashes. During winter time for plants it is possible to find out dark brown balls, in them there are disputes which are a cause of illness in the spring.In the disease beginning on flowers and leaves there are small mealy specks. They are easily erased, but then appear again and increase in sizes, become the sated grey or violet colour. Gradually the mycelium is condensed and becomes almost brown. The mealy bloom can be from both parties of sheet. Leaves gradually dry up, fade and fall down, buds and flowers slough, plant growth stops. Optimum conditions for disease development it is the raised humidity – about 60-80 % and air heats, in limits 18-20оC. At average defeat of plants by mealy dew the grain yield of cultures decreases to 30-40%.
For prophylaxis of mealy dew spend pollination by sulphur 3-4 times for a summer. The raised doses of nitric fertilizer, especially in a budding, the risk of disease by mealy dew raises. A top-dressing phosphoric both potassium fertilizers and fertilizers «AgroBioStim» raises resistibility to the causal organism of mealy dew.
3-fold spraying of plants by the Natural microfertilizer «CUPRIC HUMATE» helps with prophylaxis of false mealy dew or other preparations on a copper basis.
MEALY DEW OF GRAIN CROPS.
THE DISEASE CAUSAL ORGANISM. The causal organism – mushroom Erysiphe graminis. Amazes more than 50 kinds of grain crops.
SYMPTOMS. Leaves, axils, a stalk and an ear are amazed. On elevated organs there is a white bloom. Leaves fuse. Grain remains underdeveloped. Develops at temperature above 12оС and an atmospheric humidity above 60%. The Incubation period about 3 days.
STRUGGLE METHODS. Agrotechnical methods. Cultivation of resistant breeds. A presowing cultivation of seedsMEALY DEW OF BEAN CULTURES AND THE BEET.
THE DISEASE CAUSAL ORGANISM. The causal organism – mushroom Erysiphe poligoni. Attacks more than 200 kinds of cultural plants.
SYMPTOMS. On elevated organs appears whitish powder-like a bloom. Later leaves fuse and prematurely fall down. All green parts of a plant which then fuse are amazed. Disease develops at high humidity and at a cold snap.
STRUGGLE METHODS. Agrotechnical methods. Cultivation of resistant breeds. A presowing cultivation of seeds preparations together with the Natural stimulator "START". The amazed plants to process preparations or 0,08% a solution of the Natural microfertilizer “CUPRIC HUMATE”. The Foliar top dressing of plants fertilizers “AgroBioStim” on 40-60% protects plants from disease.
MEALY DEW OF FLAX.
THE DISEASE CAUSAL ORGANISM. The causal organism – mushroom Erisiphe poligoni and Erisiphe сichoracearum. The first parasite forms a dense constant bloom, and the second – quickly disappearing bloom.
SYMPTOMS. On elevated organs there is a whitish bloom.
STRUGGLE METHODS. Agrotechnical methods. Cultivation of resistant breeds. The amazed crops to process preparations or 0,08% a solution of the Natural microfertilizer “CUPRIC HUMATE”. The foliar top dressing of plants fertilizers “AgroBioStim” protect plants from disease.
MEALY DEW OF THE PEANUT.
THE DISEASE CAUSAL ORGANISM. The causal organism – mushroom Oidium arachidis.
SYMPTOMS. On elevated organs there is a whitish bloom which then becomes grey. Green parts of a plant are amazed.
STRUGGLE METHODS. Agrotechnical methods. Cultivation of resistant breeds. The amazed plants to process preparations or 0,06% a solution of the Natural microfertilizer “CUPRIC HUMATE”. The foliar top dressing of plants fertilizers “AgroBioStim” on 50-60% protects plants from disease.
MEALY DEW OF TOBACCO.
THE DISEASE CAUSAL ORGANISM. The causal organism – mushroom Erysiphe cichoracearum f. nicotianae.
SYMPTOMS. On leaves there is a grey-white bloom. Under damp conditions disease strongly develops and completely destroys all leaves.
STRUGGLE METHODS. Agrotechnical methods. Cultivation of resistant breeds. A presowing cultivation of seeds preparations together with the Natural stimulator "START". The amazed plants to process preparations or 0,06% a solution of the Natural microfertilizer “CUPRIC HUMATE”. The foliar top dressing of plants fertilizers “AgroBioStim” on 60-70% protects plants from disease.
MEALY DEW OF TOMATOES.
THE DISEASE CAUSAL ORGANISM. The causal organism – mushroom Leveillula taurica. Disputes are carried by a wind and are capable to develop at a low atmospheric humidity. Fast development pathogen is helped by a heat and dew or fog loss. The first defeats are observed in second half of June.
SYMPTOMS. The mushroom amazes leaves of tomatoes. At first defeat traces appear on old leaves, in the form of light yellow stains, with white bloom on the bottom part of sheet. Then the middle of stains becomes brown and
leaves dry up. Often leaves fuse, without formation of a white bloom. At strong defeat green there are only top leaves.
STRUGGLE METHODS. Agrotechnical methods. A presowing cultivation of seeds preparations together with the Natural stimulator "START". The amazed plants to process preparations or 0,08% a solution of the Natural microfertilizer “CUPRIC HUMATE”. The foliar top dressing of plants fertilizers “AgroBioStim” and root top dressing by Microbiological fertilizer "EFFECT" on 80-90% protect plants from disease.
MEALY DEW OF PEPPER.
THE DISEASE CAUSAL ORGANISM. The causal organism – mushroom Leveillula taurica. The mushroom remains plant residues till 2 years and aggressively develops in the end of August. Develops on tomatoes, a potato, a begonia, a clap etc.
SYMPTOMS. From the top party of leaves there are stains of the wrong form, are covered from the bottom party of leaves by white bloom. Under favorable conditions all bottom of sheet becomes covered by whitish bloom, then leaves dry up and fall down.
STRUGGLE METHODS. Agrotechnical methods. Cultivation of resistant breeds. A presowing cultivation of seeds preparations together with the Natural stimulator "START". The amazed plants to process preparations or 0,08% a solution of the Natural microfertilizer “CUPRIC HUMATE”. The foliar top dressing of plants fertilizers “AgroBioStim” and root top dressing by Microbiological fertilizer "EFFECT" on 70-80% protect plants from disease.
MEALY DEW OF PUMPKIN CULTURES.
THE DISEASE CAUSAL ORGANISM. The causal organism – mushroom Sphaerotheca fuliginea. It is especially dangerous at cultivation of hothouse cucumbers.
SYMPTOMS. On elevated organs appears white powder-like a bloom. Later the bloom covers all green parts of a plant which fuse and perish. Develops at optimum temperature 15-20оС and a high atmospheric humidity.
STRUGGLE METHODS. Agrotechnical methods. Cultivation of resistant breeds. A presowing cultivation of seeds preparations together with the Natural stimulator "START".
The amazed plants to process preparations or 0,06% a solution of the Natural microfertilizer “CUPRIC HUMATE”. The foliar top dressing of plants fertilizers “AgroBioStim” and root top dressing by Microbiological fertilizer "EFFECT" on 70-80% protect plants from disease.
MEALY DEW OF VINEYARDS.
THE DISEASE CAUSAL ORGANISM. The causal organism – mushroom Uncinula necator, with form Oidium tuckeri, amazes all зеленные organs. Very dangerous disease. For mass development the optimum temperature of air nearby 20-25оС and an atmospheric humidity about 60-80% is required.
SYMPTOMS. On leaves flavovirent stains with grey-white bloom are formed. The amazed leaves are deformed, fuse and remain to hang on branches. On summer shoots there are light brown or dark brown strips. Shoots are
deformed and during the winter period freeze. On grapes clusters brown stains covered with whitish bloom are formed. The amazed clusters become covered by a mould and smell as rotten stuff. At early defeat of a berry of grapes burst, juice follows also sunflower seeds are shown outside. Later the amazed clusters fall ill with rotting.
STRUGGLE METHODS. Agrotechnical methods. The amazed plants to process preparations or 0,1% a solution of the Natural microfertilizer “CUPRIC HUMATE”. The foliar top dressing of plants fertilizers “AgroBioStim” protect plants from disease.
MEALY DEW OF WILD STRAWBERRY.
THE DISEASE CAUSAL ORGANISM. The causal organism – mushroom Sphaerotheca macularis f. fragariae with form Oidium fragariae.
SYMPTOMS. On leaves appear white powder-like colonies which extend on all plant. Edges of leaves are painted in a reddish shade and twist to top. Berries become covered by white bloom and rot.
STRUGGLE METHODS. Agrotechnical methods. Seedling processing by the Natural stimulator "SEEDLING". The amazed plants to process preparations or 0,06%
a solution of the Natural microfertilizer “CUPRIC HUMATE”. The foliar top dressing of plants fertilizers “AgroBioStim” and root top dressing by Microbiological fertilizer "EFFECT" on 60-70% protect plants from disease.
MEALY DEW OF THE PEACH.
THE DISEASE CAUSAL ORGANISM. The causal organism – mushroom Sphaerotheca pannosa var. persicae with form Oidium leucoconium.
SYMPTOMS. On leaves, fruits and branches appears white powder-like bloom. There is a deformation of the amazed organs.
STRUGGLE METHODS. Agrotechnical methods. The amazed trees to process preparations or 0,1% a solution of the Natural microfertilizer “CUPRIC HUMATE”. Obligatory processing of trees during the winter period, before
melting of kidneys is required. Top dressing by fertilizers “AgroBioStim” protects trees from disease.
MEALY DEW OF THE APPLE-TREE.
THE DISEASE CAUSAL ORGANISM. The causal organism – mushroom Podosphaera leucotricha.
SYMPTOMS. On leaves and summer shoots there is a white bloom. Many breeds of apple-trees are very sensitive to disease.
STRUGGLE METHODS. Agrotechnical methods. The amazed trees to process preparations or 0,1% a solution of the Natural microfertilizer “CUPRIC HUMATE”. Obligatory processing of trees during the winter period, before melting of kidneys is required. A foliar top dressing fertilizers “AgroBioStim” protect trees from disease.
MEALY DEW OF BERRY CULTURES.
THE DISEASE CAUSAL ORGANISM. The causal organism – mushroom Sphaerotheca mors-uvae.
SYMPTOMS. On elevated organs and berries appears a grey-white or brownish bloom. Then all plant becomes covered by dense whitish bloom, leaves are amazed from two parties, shoots are bent and deformed.
STRUGGLE METHODS. Agrotechnical methods. The amazed plants to process preparations or 0,1% a solution of the Natural microfertilizer “CUPRIC HUMATE”. Obligatory processing of plants during the winter period, before
melting of kidneys is required. A foliar top dressing of plants fertilizers “AgroBioStim” protect plants from disease.
MEALY DEW OF THE OAK.
THE DISEASE CAUSAL ORGANISM. The causal organism – mushroom Microrphaera alphitoides.
SYMPTOMS. On leaves there is a white bloom. Later leaves dry up and prematurely fall down.
STRUGGLE METHODS. Agrotechnical methods. The amazed trees to process preparations or 0,1% a solution of the Natural microfertilizer “CUPRIC HUMATE”. Obligatory processing of trees during the winter period, before melting of kidneys is required. Unroot processing by biological products “AgroBioStim” protect plants from disease.
The literature:
1. M.V.Gorlenko. Phytopathology. Leningrad, 1980
2. K.V.Popkov. A practical work on agricultural phytopathology: Agropromizdat, 1988
3. The Bulgarian agricultural encyclopaedia.
4. A.Popov, B.Nakov. Phytopathology. Sofia 1991
5. B.Nakov, A.Popov, S.Karov, Special phytopathology. Sofia 1999
6. V.Malinov. Production of vegetable cultures. Vasilina 2005-2006